Antagonism of croton oil inflammation by topical emu oil in CD-1 mice |
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Authors: | Subbiah?Yoganathan Email author" target="_blank">Robert?NicolosiEmail author Thomas?Wilson Garry?Handelman Patrick?Scollin Richard?Tao Paul?Binford Frank?Orthoefer |
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Affiliation: | (1) Forsyth Institute, 02115 Boston, Massachusetts;(2) Center for Health and Disease Research, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 3 Solomont Way, Suite 4, 01854 Lowell, Massachusetts;(3) Biomedical Research Insitute, 20825 Rockville, Maryland;(4) LB Processors, 37035 Chapmansboro, Tennessee;(5) Arkansas State University, 72467 Jonesboro, Arkansas |
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Abstract: | Emu oil is derived from the emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae), which originated in Australia, and has been reported to have anti-inflammatory properties. Inflammation was induced in
anesthetized CD-1 mice by applying 50 μL of 2% croton oil to the inner surface of the left ear. After 2 h, the area was treated
with 5μL of emu, fish, flaxseed, olive, or liquified chicken fat, or left untreated. Animals were euthanized at 6 h postapplication
of different oils, and earplugs (FP) and plasma samples were collected. Inflammation was evaluated by change in earlobe thickness,
increase in weight of EP tissue (compared to the untreated ear), and induction in cytokines interleukin (IL)-1α and tumor
necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in EP homogenates. Al-though reductions relative to control (croton oil) were noted for all treatments,
auricular thickness and EP weights were, significantly reduced (−72 and −71%, respectively) only in the emu oil-treated group.
IL-1α levels in homogenates of auricular tissue were significantly reduced in the fish oil (−57%) and emu oil (−70%) groups
relative to the control group. The cytokine TNF-α from auricular homogenates was significantly reduced in the olive oil (−52%)
and emu oil (−60%) treatment groups relative to the control group. Plasma cytokine levels were not changed by croton oil treatment.
Although auricular thickness and weight were significantly correlated with each other (r=0.750, P<0.003), auricular thickness but not weight was significantly correlated with cytokine IL-1α (r=0.750, P<0.006) and TNF-α (r=0.690, P<0.02). These studies indicate that topical emu oil has anti-inflammatory properties in the CD-1 mouse that are associated
with decreased auricular thickness and weight, and with the cytokines IL-1α and TNF-α. |
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