| 氨氧化装置非稳态瞬间反应的高热效应与催化网失活 |
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| 引用本文： | 宁远涛. 氨氧化装置非稳态瞬间反应的高热效应与催化网失活[J]. 贵金属, 2003, 24(2): 42-48 |
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| 作者姓名： | 宁远涛 |
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| 作者单位： | 昆明贵金属研究所,云南,昆明,650221 |
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| 摘 要： | 分析了生产硝酸的氨氧化装置中的基本反应和非稳态反应。在开炉点火初期，由于脉冲式供应过量氨气，导致氨从催化网低温(低活性)区旁路到钯合金捕集网表面，在Pd的催化作用下，旁路氨与催化网所产生的NOx发生非稳态瞬间高放热反应，导致钯合金捕集网熔化和铂合全催化网粘连失效。我国高压氨氧化装置在反应初期所出现的Pt催化网失效事故，就是因非稳态瞬间反应导致Pd捕集网熔化及底层铂合金催化网熔蚀和全部催化网粘连烧结所致。笔者提出了几点改进措施。
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| 关 键 词： | 催化化学 硝酸 催化网 捕集网 铂合金 钯合全 氨氧化装置 失活 非稳态瞬间反应 高热效应 |
| 文章编号： | 1004-0676(2003)02-0042-07 |
| 修稿时间： | 2002-06-10 |
High Heat Effect and Deactivation of Catalyst Gauzes Caused by Non- Steady- State Transient Reaction in Ammonia Oxidation Equipment |
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| Ning Yuan-Tao. High Heat Effect and Deactivation of Catalyst Gauzes Caused by Non- Steady- State Transient Reaction in Ammonia Oxidation Equipment[J]. Precious Metals, 2003, 24(2): 42-48 |
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| Authors: | Ning Yuan-Tao |
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| Abstract: | Some accidents of deactivation of catalyst gauzes occurred in the initial stage of ammonia oxidation reaction after start-up in ammonia oxidation equipments with high pressure.It was found that all catchment gauzes made of Pd-5Ni alloy and support gauzes made of Fe-20 Cr-5Al alloy were molten completely.Some bottom catalytic gauzes of 30 sheets of Pt-10Rh alloy catalyst gauzes were molten partially by melt of Pd-5Ni alloy and the whole catalyst gauzes were adhered and sintered together.An analysis for the accidents considered that the pulsed excess ammonia feed produced a non-steady-state transient reaction between bypass ammonia and nitrogen oxides NO x on the surface of Pd-5Ni alloy catchment gauzes under strong catalysis of palladium.The non-steady-statetranient reaction is a highly exothermic reaction and resulted in temperature rising exceeding the melting temperature of Pd-5Ni alloy.Some improvement measures were proposed in present paper. |
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| Keywords: | catalytic chemistry ammonia oxidation preparation of nitric acid catalyst gauze catchment gauze platinum alloy palladium alloy |
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