山地历史文化村镇保护中的生态问题研究*——以巴渝地区为例

山地历史文化村镇是历史文化遗产中的一种重要类型，既具有显性的历史文化属性，又具有隐性的生态属性。对其文化保护理应兼顾生态关注，这既体现了对此类遗产构成中原有生态关系的承认与尊重，又强调了生态保护在遗产保护中的基础地位与作用。基于与历史环境的关联，山地历史文化村镇的生态问题有其特殊性和研究重点。结合巴渝地区情况，归纳了山地历史文化村镇的生态特点。揭示了当前保护中存在的主要问题。在确定生态保护目标的基础上，着重从生态安全格局构建与生态景观风貌重塑两个层面研究历史文化遗产的生态保护问题，提出保护的总体策略与技术框架。凝练解决山地历史文化村镇生态问题的技术要点，探索山地生态视野下的保护模式，丰富当前山地历史文化村镇保护理论。

A Study on the Ecological Problems of Protection of Historic Towns and Villages in Mountain Areas --Taking Bayu Area as an Example

Historic towns and villages in mountain areas are important types of historical and cultural heritages with both dominant cultural and hidden ecological attributes. Its ecological and cultural protection should take into account the concerns, which embody the recognition and respect to ecological relationship in such heritage, and emphasizes the basic position and role of ecological protection in the heritage conservation. Based on the association with the historical environment, historic towns and villages in mountain areas have its special ecological problems and research priorities. This paper, taking Bayu area as an example, summarizes the ecological characteristics of historic town and village in mountainous areas, revealing the main issues in the current protection. On the basis of determining the objectives and principles of ecological protection, this paper studies the ecological protection from two levels of ecological landscape and ecological security pattern, proposes the overall strategy and technology framework on protection, sums up the technical points of solving ecological issues on historic town and village in mountainous areas, and explores the protection mode under the mountain ecological perspective as well as enriches the current protection theory of historic town and village in mountainous areas.