宋代城市公园的形成分析*

公园的产生与发展同时代的政治制度、经济发展和市民生活紧密相关，研究公园的起源，对于划分城市文明演变的阶段有着一定的标志性作用。本文对认为我国公园形成于清末民初近代城市的已有结论提出质疑，并论证在宋代由于“与民同乐”的政治理念、商业娱乐型的城市转型、市民文化的崛起。已在开放式街巷城市中形成了城市公园。并通过已有研究和历史文献检索，基于公园与公共园林的分类依据、公园的概念与要素。归纳了宋代城市公园形成所需的“与民同乐”的文化基础、城市文明演变的物质基础以及包括湖山风景区、城市园圃的体系化园林建设等重要要素保障。

An Analysis on Developments of Urban Parks in Song Dynasty

Parks reflect the close relationship between the political system, economic development and citizens＇ life. The studies on the origin of parks play a landmark role in dividing the stages of urban civilization development. For the existing conclusion that parks came from the cities of late Qing Dynasty, this paper argues that it isn＇t accurate. Due to the popularization of having fun with the citizens, the transformation of commercial and recreational city and the rise of citizen culture, the parks in the open streets have been gradually formed. Combined with the existing research and historical literature retrieval, based on the parks and the classification of public gardens and the parks＇ concepts and elements, this article summarizes three core elements of the Song Dynasty parks, including orientation of public investment, urban public space and artificial landscape scale.