密度锁自平衡启动特性的实验研究

以应用密度锁的非能动余热排出系统为背景，结合实验研究和理论分析，对密度锁自平衡启动的运行特性及可行性进行研究。结果表明：自平衡启动可分为关阀预热和开阀平衡两个阶段，在这两个阶段内能分别实现密度锁“关闭”所必需满足的两个条件，达到隔离非能动余热排出回路与主回路的目的。在关阀预热阶段，密度锁借助其特殊结构，有效地控制了传热方式转变点的位置，促进了热/冷流体交界面的形成；在开阀平衡阶段，借助其水力平衡的自稳定特性，有效地控制了热/冷流体交界面的移动，建立了密度锁内的水力平衡。所得结果充分证明了自平衡启动方法的可行性。

Experimental Study of Self-balanced Startup Characteristics of Density Lock

With passive residual heat removal system which applies the density lock as background, combining the experimental study and theoretical analysis, researches on the operating characteristics and feasibility of self-balanced startup of density lock were made in this system. The results show that self-balanced startup can be divided into two stages: Warming up stage in which the valve is closed; self-balanced stage in which the valve is open. The two requisite conditions ensuring the closure of density lock can be realized respectively in these two stages, which ensure the separation of the passive residual heat removal system from the primary circuit system by the density lock. During the stage of warming up, with the help of special structure of the density lock, the position of the transition points of the heat transfer modes is controlled effectively, and the formation of interface between the cold and hot fluids is promoted. During the self-balanced stage, with the help of the characteristics of self-stability of the hydraulic balance, the motion of interface is controlled effectively, and the hydraulic balance is established automatically in the density lock. All of the results fully prove the feasibility of self-balanced startup.