十大孔兑暴雨洪水产输沙关系初探——以西柳沟为例

黄河上游十大孔兑暴雨洪水引发的水土流失及洪涝泥沙灾害是当地的主要环境问题。利用实测水沙资料,建立该地区洪水过程产沙量与降雨径流指标、流量与含沙量的经验关系,并探讨了这些关系的成因。结果表明:一次洪水过程的产沙量可以表示为降雨强度或径流深的幂函数,幂指数大于1;一次洪水过程流量和含沙量呈逆时针绳套曲线关系,含沙量可以表示为流量的幂函数,幂指数小于1。掌握该地区的水沙关系和规律,可为模拟该地区降雨径流产输沙过程,控制和预防流域水土流失和洪水泥沙灾害提供一定的基础。

Primary analysis of the relationship between storm runoff and sediment yield in Ten-watershed——A Case Study in Xiliu Brook

Soil and water erosion,flood and sediment disasters caused by storm runoff Ten-watershed located on upstream of Yellow River are the main environmental problems.Using the observed data,have established the empirical relationships between the sediment yield and rain-runoff index,as well as the discharge and silt content,and discussed the reason of these relationships.The results shown that the relationship of sediment yield by one flood process could be presented as power function of rainfall intensity or runoff depth with the exponent larger than 1.The result also shown that relation curve of silt content with one flood process as a counter-clockwise loop,the silt content can be represented as the power function of the discharge with the exponent smaller than 1.So master the relationship of water and silt and the regularity,can simulate the process of rain-runoff with sediment yield and transportation,these can be supplied a foundation for controlling and precaution of soil water erosion,flood and sediment disasters.