食用菌中的总砷和砷形态分布研究

研究总砷超标食用菌样品中砷的形态分布,对食用菌中总砷含量与食用安全性的关系及其限量规定进行探讨。方法从2010年深圳口岸进出口食用菌批量监测结果的各种食用菌样品中选择总砷超标的几类样品,采用液相色谱-氢化物发生原子荧光光谱联用技术(LC-HGAFS)分析了不同种类食用菌中的砷形态,准确测定了总无机砷与总砷含量。结果发现形态分析方法能够准确定性定量食用菌中的总无机砷含量,而食用菌中总砷含量和总无机砷含量并不存在对应关系,干香菇中总砷和总无机砷含量均较高,有一定食用风险,而蘑菇中总砷含量高,总无机砷含量却很低,主要以一甲基砷等其他无毒的砷形态存在,可以放心食用。结论食用菌中砷形态分布测定更能科学体现砷超标和食用安全性的关系,我国现行食用菌卫生标准仅规定总砷限量指标,建议进行修订。

Total arsenic and arsenic species analysis in edible fungus

The arsenic species in edible fungus samples with total arsenic exceeding limits were analyzed,and the total arsenic content and its limit were discussed.The arsenic species in edible fungus were detected with liquid chromatography-hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectrometry(LC-HG-AFS).And the total content of arsenic and total inorganic arsenic content were detected respectively.It showed that no direct corresponding relations existed between the content of total arsenic and inorganic arsenic according to the arsenic species analysis which can quantify the inorganic arsenic content accurately.The levels of total arsenic and total inorganic arsenic were both higher in dried lentinus edodes,so it’s higher risk for health,while the total arsenic level was much higher than that of inorganic arsenic in dried mushroom,mainly in the form of nontoxic monomethylarsonic acid and other arsenic compounds species.Obviously,the arsenic species analysis of edible fungus expressed relationships between exceeding arsenic and food safeties for health much more scientifically,but there was only the total arsenic limit for mushroom according to the current national health standards,so it is necessary to revise it.