热带水果Borojo全营养素分析

目的:研究厄瓜多尔热带水果Borojo全营养素构成,为开发新资源和功能食品提供科学基础依据。方法:将4只新鲜成熟水果样品分离制备果肉,分别采用GB、紫外分光、HPLC、GC、ICP以及HPLC/MS/MS、ICP/MS法做蛋白质、pH、水分、灰分、总糖、粗纤维、植物油、维生素、矿物质和稀土元素、水解或不水解游离氨基酸、脂肪酸等188个项目的测试;在3个实验室进行测试,分别得到4组数据,用均数计算结果。结果:新鲜Borojo果肉pH2.74、水分70.99%、碳水化物25.07%、总糖7.80%、蛋白质1.5%、粗纤维2.14%。水溶性维生素丰富维生素B10.05mg/kg、维生素B20.81mg/kg、烟酸0.71mg/kg、叶酸0.22 mg/kg、维生素C4.32 mg/kg,脂溶性维生素E 2.49 mg/kg。果肉中游离氨基酸有26种,总量1.35%;经水解后游离氨基酸有20种,总量2.51%。Borojo含多种丰富的矿物质,折算干基含钾8 797.8mg/kg、镁966.2mg/kg、钙1 030.6mg/kg、磷775.2 mg/kg、铁168.4mg/kg、硼25.2 mg/kg、钠11.8mg/kg;含人体必需微量元素锌、铜、铁和可能必需微量元素锰、硅,以及蔬菜水果中少有的三价铬和镍。稀土总量0.024mg/kg,16种稀土元素在正常范围内。重金属铅为0.065mg/kg,汞、砷、镉在最低检测限以下。在1.28%总脂肪酸中亚油酸占9.19%,亚麻酸占0.89%。结论:Borojo果成分复杂,营养素丰富,具有良好的开发利用价值。

Full Nutrient Compositions Analysis of Tropical Fruit Borojo

Objective] To study the full nutrient compositions of a kind of Ecuadorian tropical fruit called Borojo and to provide the scientific basis for the development of new resources and functional foods. Method] A total of 4 fresh fruits were processed to the pulp, which were for 188 testing projects such as protein, pH, moisture, ash, total sugar, crude fiber, plant oil, vitamins, minerals, rare earth elements, hydrolysis amino acids, free amino acids, fatty acids based on China national standard testing methods by UV spectrophotometry, HPLC, GC, ICE HPLC/MS/MS, and ICP/MS. Result] Fresh Borojo flesh was highly acidic （pH 2.74）, moisture content was 70.99%, carbohydrate content was 25.07%, total sugar content was 9.72%, protein content was 1.5% and crude fiber content was 2.14%. The contents of VB1, VB2, niacin, folic acid, VC and VE was 0.05mg/kg, 0.81mg/kg, 0.71mg/kg, 0.22mg/kg, 4.32mg/kg, and 2.49mg/kg respectively. Borojo containd 26 different kinds of free amino acids, and the total content was 1.35%. After hydrolysis, there were 20 kinds of free amino acids and the total content was 2.51% . Borojo was rich in minerals.The dry flesh contained potassium（8 797.8mg/kg）, magnesium （280mg/kg）, calcium（1 030.6mg/kg）, phosphorus（775.2mg/kg）, iron （160mg/kg）, boron（25.2mg/kg） and sodium （11.8mg/kg）. It also contained essential trace elements （such as zinc, copper and iron） and other specific trace elements with manganese, silicon, trivalent chromium and nickel which were rarely appear in fruits and vegetables. Borojo also contains 16 kinds of rare earth elements within the normal range. Lead concentration was 0.065mg/kg. The contained of mercury, arsenic and cadmium are all below the minimum detection limits. The fatty acid was 1.28% contents of linoleic acid （9.91%） and linolenic acid （0.89%）. Conclusion] Borojo had complex compositions and rich nutrients, and its components had excellent utility value to be developed into health food supplement.