赤霞珠葡萄生长发育过程中内源激素的变化及其与果实成熟的关系

为研究赤霞珠葡萄果实发育过程中不同组织(果皮、果肉和种子)内源激素的含量变化及其与果实成熟的关系,用高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术测定果实发育过程中果皮、果肉以及种子中脱落酸(abscisic acid,ABA)、生长素(indole acetic acid,IAA)、赤霉素(gibberellin A_3,GA_3)、茉莉酸(jasmonic acid,JA)和水杨酸(salicylic acid,SA)的含量。结果发现,在葡萄果实生长发育过程中,葡萄果皮和果皮中ABA含量呈双S型变化,花后20 d左右,ABA含量较高,随着果实膨大开始下降,随后开始上升,至转色中期达到最大值,随着果实的成熟缓慢下降;果皮、果肉和种子中GA_3含量均是从果实膨大期开始上升,膨大后期下降,随后在转色初期又开始上升,随后下降;JA含量的变化与GA_3类似;果皮和果肉中IAA含量首先略微下降,在果实快速生长期迅速上升,并达到峰值,随着果实进入转色期,含量逐渐下降并保持稳定,果实膨大期之前,种子中IAA含量较高,随着果实膨大降低,并维持在较低水平,SA含量的变化与IAA类似。结论:ABA、GA_3、JA含量与赤霞珠果实成熟有关,IAA、GA_3、SA、JA含量与赤霞珠果实生长有关。

Changes in Endogenous Hormones during the Development of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon and Their Relationship with Berry Ripening

To investigate the changes in endogenous hormone contents of various berry tissues during the development of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon and further to examine their relationship with berry ripening, abscisic acid (ABA), indole acetic acid (IAA), gibberellin A3 (GA3), jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) in grape seeds, skin and pulp were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The results indicated that the variation of ABA in grape pulp and skin showed a double S-shaped trend during the development of grape berries. At 20 days after anthesis (20 DAA), the ABA level was relatively high, and the ABA levels in pulp and skin decreased before veraison, and then increased until the middle of veraison, followed by a slow decrease until ripening. GA3 and JA were changed in a similar pattern. Both of them first increased rapidly followed by a decrease at the fruit expansion stage and then showed a bell-shaped trend during veraison. IAA contents in grape pulp and skin first decreased slightly followed by a rapid increase until reaching a peak during the rapid developmental stage of grape berries, and then gradually decreased and remained stable during the subsequent veraison. IAA contents in grape seeds were high before the beginning of the fruit expansion stage, and then declined and remained at a low level after entering the fruit expansion stage. Similar changes were observed for SA. Conclusion: ABA, GA3 and JA were related to the ripening of Cabernet Sauvignon, while IAA, GA3, SA and JA were related to the development of Cabernet Sauvignon.