河南不同产地香椿基本成分及风味物质分析

采用常规方法检测河南省4个不同产地香椿中总蛋白、总皂苷、总生物碱、总黄酮含量,采用全自动氨基酸分析仪测定氨基酸含量;利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪分离鉴定香椿挥发性风味物质。结果表明:4个产地中,洛阳香椿的总蛋白、总皂苷、总生物碱、总黄酮含量均高于其他3个产地。4个产地均检出17种氨基酸,包括7种人体必需氨基酸。洛阳氨基酸总量和必需氨基酸含量均最高,二者含量分别为274.82?mg/g和86.09?mg/g。4个产地香椿共检出75种挥发性物质,其中原阳检出52种、中牟48种、安阳47种、洛阳46种,4个产地相对含量高的均为萜烯类物质,且洛阳种类最多。香椿基本成分及挥发性风味物质呈现产地差异性。综合分析河南洛阳香椿品质比较优良,应根据产品需求选择原料产地。

Proximate Composition and Flavor Substances of Chinese Toon (Fresh Young Leaves and Shoots of Toona sinensis) from Different Growing Areas of Henan Province

In this study, the proximate nutrient composition and flavor substances of Chinese toon (fresh young leaves and buds of Toona sinensis) from different growing areas of Henan province were investigated. The contents of total proteins, total saponins, total alkaloids, and total flavonoids were determined by routine methods. Amino acid composition was determined by using an amino acid analyzer. Volatile compounds were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed that Chinese toon from Luoyang exhibited the highest contents of total proteins, total saponins, total alkaloids and total flavonoids among the four areas. A total of 17 amino acids were detected, including 7 essential amino acids. Chinese toon from Luoyang showed the highest contents of both total amino acids and essential amino acids, which were 274.82 and 86.09 mg/g, respectively. A total of 75 aroma compounds were identified, 52, 48, 47 and 46 of which were detected in Chinese toon from Yuanyang, Zhongmou, Anyang and Luoyang, respectively. Terpenes were present as the dominant compounds in all four samples, and the number of terpenes detected in Chinese toon from Luoyang was the largest. Thus, Chinese toon from four growing areas have significant differences in proximate composition and flavor substances. All the above results suggested that the quality of Chinese toon from Luoyang was better. The geographical origin of Chinese toon should be taken into account when processing it into various products.