合成酯分子结构对其与制冷剂互溶性能的影响规律研究

测试了不同结构的三羟甲基丙烷复合酯、季戊四醇复合酯及双季戊四醇酯与制冷剂R22，R134a，R410A的临界互溶温度，分析了复合酯中多元醇、二元酸和一元酸的结构变化对其与制冷剂互溶性能的影响，以及双季戊四醇酯中直链和支链脂肪酸的结构变化对其与制冷剂互溶性能的影响。结果表明：复合酯与制冷剂的互溶性能主要取决于复合酯的基本结构，复合酯中多元醇、二元酸和一元酸的变化未对其与R22，R134a，R410A的互溶性能产生显著影响；双季戊四醇酯的基本结构是其具备优异的与制冷剂互溶性能的重要因素；双季戊四醇酯中直链脂肪酸的含量越高、碳链越长，其与R134a的互溶性能越差；双季戊四醇酯中支链脂肪酸的含量越高、碳链越短，其与R134a的临界互溶温度越低，溶解能力越强。

INFLUENCE OF SYNTHETIC ESTERS MOLECULAR STRUCTURE ON MUTUAL SOLUBILITY OF ESTERS AND REFRIGERANTS

The critical intersolubility temperatures of trimethylolpropane complex esters, pentaerythritol complex esters and dipentaerythritol esters with refrigerants (R22, R134a and R410A) were measured. Then the influences of polyhydric alcohol, binary acid and monoacid in complex esters on intersolubility of refrigerants were analyzed. Meanwhile, the effects of straight chain fatty acids and branched chain fatty acids in dipentaerythritol esters on solubility of refrigerants were also studied. Results showed that the intersolubilityof complex esters with refrigerants were mainly influenced by the basic molecular structure of the esters. The structural changes of polyhydric alcohols, binary acids and monoacids had no significant influence on solubility with R22, R134a and R410A. The basic molecular structure of dipentaerythritol ester is the decisive factor for excellent solubility with refrigerants. The dipentaerythritol ester containing more and longer straight chain fatty acids showed worse solubility with R134a. The more and the shorter branched chain fatty acids in dipentaerythritol ester, the lower the critical intersolubility temperature, and the stronger intersolubility with R134a.