部分KCl替代NaCl对强化高温成熟工艺干腌火腿肌肉色泽形成的影响

采用强化高温成熟现代工艺(36℃强化高温成熟45 d,用盐量6.5%,以火腿质量计)制作干腌火腿,分析加工过程中火腿半膜肌盐分含量、水分含量、p H值、色差值、肌红蛋白氧化状态、血红素类色素和锌卟啉(Zn-protoporphyrin,Zn-PP)Ⅸ含量,研究火腿色泽的形成及KCl替代Na Cl对火腿加工过程中色泽变化的影响。结果表明:盐量30%KCl替代Na Cl对干腌火腿产品理化特性、色差值及色素状态和含量没有显著影响(P0.05);干腌火腿的独特色泽是由肌红蛋白的氧化状态、红色色素的含量及肌肉组织的状态共同形成的,火腿加工过程中氧合肌红蛋白(oxymyoglobin,OMb)和高铁肌红蛋白(metmyoglobin,MMb)相对含量分别上升约22.07%和25.21%,脱氧肌红蛋白(deoxymyolglobin,DMb)相对含量下降约47.27%,DMb与亮度L*值呈极显著正相关(P0.01),OMb、MMb与L*值呈极显著负相关(P0.01),并受OMb与MMb相对含量比值极显著影响(P0.01)。在较低范围内(0%~27.49%),MMb相对含量越高红绿度a*值越大,并且MMb的影响力大于OMb。血红素类色素和Zn-PPⅨ含量在火腿加工过程中都显著增加,约394%和5 296%,并与a*值和色饱和度C值呈极显著正相关关系(P0.01)。

Effect of Partial Replacement of NaCl with KCl Combined with High-Temperature Ripening on Color Formation in Dry-Cured Hams

Dry-cured hams were produced by intensified high-temperature ripening at 36 ℃ for 45 days with 6.5% salt curing. Changes in the salt and moisture contents, pH, color, myoglobin oxidation, and haem pigments and Zn porphyrin Ⅸ (Zn-PP Ⅸ) of semimembranosus were examined during processing. Furthermore, the color formation of dry-cured hams was studied and the effect of NaCl replacement with KCl on the color change during processing was examined. The results showed that there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in physicochemical indicators, color parameters, and the content and state of red pigments between the control and 30% NaCl substitution with KCl. The unique color of dry-cured hams was formed by a combination of the oxidation state of myoglobin, red pigments contents and the state of muscle tissue. The relative contents of oxymyoglobin (OMb) and metmyoglobin (MMb) increased by about 22.07% and 25.21%, but deoxymyoglobin (DMb) decreased about 47.27%. L* value was significantly positively correlated with the relative content of DMb (P < 0.01) and negatively with the relative contents of OMb and MMb (P < 0.01) and it was significantly affected by the ratio of OMb to MMb (P < 0.01). In the low range (0%–27.49%), the higher relative content of MMb could result in a bigger a* value, and MMb had a bigger impact on a* value than did OMb. The contents of haem pigments and Zn-PP IX increased by about 394% and 5 296% during the processing of dry-cured hams and were significantly positively correlated with a* and C values (P < 0.01).