植物乳杆菌发酵对豆粕蛋白结构的影响

利用植物乳杆菌发酵降解低温豆粕乳,研究其中大豆蛋白结构的变化。随发酵时间的延长,样品水解度和体外消化率均呈升高趋势,可溶性蛋白粒径分布向低粒径方向移动,说明脱脂豆粕中大豆蛋白经发酵后有一定程度的降解。同时,发酵处理后提取的大豆蛋白与原始大豆蛋白和发酵0 h时提取的大豆蛋白相比,蛋白分子进一步展开,β-折叠含量升高,α-螺旋含量降低,荧光光谱中最大吸收波长发生红移,暴露巯基含量升高。另外,扫描电子显微镜观察结果表明大豆蛋白经发酵后表面不再光滑,出现腐蚀性孔洞。

Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum Fermentation on the Structure of Soybean Meal Proteins

In the present study, the structural changes of soybean proteins in aqueous suspension of skimmed soybean meal after being fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum were studied. With the extension of fermentation time, the degree of hydrolysis and in vitro digestibility of fermented samples were increased, and the particle sizes of soluble proteins became smaller. These results indicated that soybean proteins were degraded to a certain degree after fermentation. Simultaneously, the molecular structure of proteins in fermented samples was further unfolded, resulting in an increase in beta-sheet content and a decrease in alpha-helix content, as compared to the original soybean proteins and those sterilized at 0 h of fermentation. A red shift in the wavelength of maximum fluorescence emission was observed for the fermented soybean proteins. More sulfhydryl groups were exposed after fermentation. In addition, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed that the surface of fermented soybean proteins was not as smooth as that of the original ones, with corrosion pores appearing.