糙米发芽前后营养成分的变化及其对发芽糙米糊化特性的影响

选用24个糙米品种为原料制备发芽糙米,研究发芽过程中主要营养成分的变化,以及营养成分变化对发芽糙米糊化特性的影响。结果表明,糙米发芽后,总淀粉含量极显著下降(P0.01),可溶性蛋白、纤维素和γ-氨基丁酸的含量极显著上升(P0.01),直链淀粉、总蛋白和粗脂肪含量变化不显著(P0.05)。发芽糙米峰值黏度、最低黏度、最终黏度和回生值与直链淀粉含量呈极显著的正相关(P0.01),与支链淀粉含量、支链淀粉/直链淀粉呈极显著的负相关(P0.01);峰值时间也与直链淀粉含量呈极显著的正相关(P0.01),与支链淀粉、支链淀粉/直链淀粉呈显著负相关(P0.05)。此外,发芽糙米峰值黏度与总蛋白含量呈极显著的负相关(P0.01),最低黏度、最终黏度和回生值也与总蛋白的含量呈显著负相关(P0.05)。

Nutritional Changes of Brown Rice during Germination and Their Effects on Pasting Properties of Germinated Brown Rice

Twenty four brown rice varieties were investigated for the changes in the contents of main nutrients during germination and their effect on the pasting properties of germinated brown rice. The results indicated that germination of brown rice led to a significant decrease in total starch content (P < 0.01) and a significant increase in soluble protein, cellulose, and γ-aminobutyric acid contents (P < 0.01), while not significantly changing the contents of amylose, total protein, and crude lipids (P > 0.05). Peak viscosity, minimum viscosity, final viscosity, and setback of starch from germinated brown rice were significantly positively correlated with amylose content (P < 0.01), and significantly negatively correlated with amylopection content and the ratio of amylopection to amylose (P < 0.01). The peak time of starch from germinated brown rice was significantly and positively correlated with amylose content (P < 0.01), and negatively correlated with amylopection content and the ratio of amylopection to amylase (P < 0.05). In addition, peak viscosity of germinated brown rice was significantly negatively correlated with total protein content (P < 0.01). Minimum viscosity, final viscosity, and setback of starch from germinated brown rice were negatively correlated with total protein content (P < 0.05).