高脂饮食对学习和记忆等认知功能影响的研究进展

摄入高脂饮食(high-fat diet,HFD)或西方饮食与肥胖、糖尿病和心脑血管等代谢性疾病之间的联系已经被证实,越来越多的证据表明HFD同样对大脑、行为和认知等方面有重要的影响。然而,关于HFD对认知功能的影响机制还没有完全清楚。除了胰岛素耐受性、氧化应激与发炎等机制外,血脑屏障、脑源性神经影响因子和血清素等作用途径同样在HFD对认知功能损害机制中发挥作用。本文通过分析最近关于饮食(尤其是HFD)对认知功能影响以及在大脑中可能作用机制的研究,进一步总结了HFD的作用位点,为以后靶向性预防及治疗相关疾病做好基础,并对合理膳食研究提供指导意义。

Effect of High-Fat Diet on Cognitive Functions

The association of high-fat diet (HFD) intake or western diet with obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular and other metabolic diseases has been demonstrated, and accumulating evidence has shown that HFD also has an important influence on the brain, behavior and cognitive functions. However, the mechanism for the effect of HFD on cognitive functions is not yet fully understood. In addition to insulin resistance, oxidative stress and inflammation, blood-brain barrier, brain-derived neurotrophic factor and serotonin pathway also play important roles in the mechanisms underlying cognitive impairment induced by HFD. In this article, we review recent research on the influence of diet (especially HFD) on cognitive functions and its possible mechanism of action in the brain, and we also summarize the site of action of HFD, with the aim to provide a good basis for targeted prevention and therapy of diet-related diseases and provide a useful guidance for future studies aimed to make our diet more reasonable.