馏分油加氢裂化技术的工程化问题及对策

介绍了国内工程化应用的加氢裂化技术，分析了加氢裂化工程化过程中遇到的问题，包括结垢导致的高压换热器换热效率下降、循环氢压缩机出口至循环氢换热器出口压力降增大、循环氢压缩机震动、反应系统压力降上升过快、反应流出物空冷器腐蚀及结垢等。对产生这些问题的原因进行了详细分析，提出了全面的应对结垢的措施：①采购蒙特利尔协定书签约国的原油；②严格控制电脱盐后原油盐质量分数在3λg／g以下；③控制焦化蜡油、脱沥青油、催化循环油等劣质原料的掺炼比例；④注水采用脱氧水、锅炉给水或加氢裂化分馏塔顶凝结水；⑤原料储存采用99．99％以上纯度的氮气气封；⑥选择使用合适的阻垢剂；⑦针对不同原料，选择合适的过滤器；⑧分析不同部位的腐蚀类型，选择合适的耐腐蚀材料；⑨采用无死区、流速高、压力降低的逆流传热换热器（如缠绕管换热器）。对反应系统压力降上升过快、反应流出物空冷器腐蚀及结垢问题也提出了具体的解决方案。

Problems in engineering of distillate trickle-bed hydrocracking process and countermeasures

The hydrocracking processes applied in commercial projects are briefly introduced.The problems encountered in the engineering of hydrocracking process are analyzed,including reduction of heat efficiency of high-pressure heat exchanger,increased pressure drop from recycle hydrogen compressor outlet to recycle hydrogen heat exchanger outlet,vibration of recycle hydrogen compressor,rapid rise of pressure drop of reaction system,fouling corrosion of reactor effluent air cooler caused by fouling.The root causes ...