雪灾下轻钢结构大面积破坏的概率成因

现行可靠度设计统一标准在分析轻钢结构构件可靠度时，对荷载效应比值的取值范围考虑不够充分。针对此不足，提出了1种基于应力的荷载效应比值计算方法，解决了在构件失效是由多种形式内力引发的情形下选择何种荷载效应来计算荷载效应比值的问题。以多个轻钢结构构件为例，采用该方法分析了轻钢结构中荷载效应比值的取值范围。揭示了雪荷载不利布置下，轻钢结构的荷载效应比值将会非常高的现象。接着对按现行分项系数设计的轻钢结构进行了可靠度校核，表明轻钢结构的可靠性处于较低的水平。最后分析了雪荷载超过设计标准时轻钢结构可靠度随不同荷载效应比值的变化规律。结果表明当雪荷载超载较大时，荷载效应比值越大的结构可靠性越低。这从可靠性的角度为近年雪灾中轻钢结构大面积破坏的现象提供了补充解释。

Probability Analysis of Failure Cause for Light Weight Steel Structure under Snow Disaster

In the current unified standard for reliability design, it lacks full considerations of the range of load effect ratio for reliability analysis of light weight steel structures. Firstly, a computational method based on stress was proposed to calculate load effect ratio, which solves the problem that which kind of load effects can be chosen to calculate load effect ratio when the member fails with actions of several kinds of internal forces. Then, the range of load effect ratio was studied for light weight steel structures after some analyses of several members with this method. It is found that the load effect ratio of light weight steel structures can adopt large values under the disadvantage distributions of snow load. The reliability was also calculated for light weight steel structures designed with current partial factors. Its result shows that the reliability of light weight steel structure is low. Finally, the reliability was analyzed for light weight steel structures with different load effect ratios when snow load exceeded the design standard level. It indicates that the reliability is low for light weight steel structures with large load effect ratio. This provides some complementary explanations for the phenomena that the light steel structures are more likely to fail under snow disaster.