Computational methods for case-cohort studies |
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Authors: | Bryan Langholz Jenny Jiao |
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Affiliation: | a Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, 1540 Alcazar Street, CHP-220, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA b Catalyst Pharmaceutical Research, LLC, 1111 S. Arroyo Pkwy., Suite 200, Pasadena, CA 91105, USA |
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Abstract: | Computational methods, which can be implemented using standard Cox regression software, are given for fitting “exact” pseudolikehood estimates and robust and asymptotic variance estimators from case-cohort data. These methods are based on the computational approach of Therneau and Li [1999. Computing the Cox model for case cohort designs. Lifetime Data Anal. 5, 99-112] but will be less subject to small sample bias. Further, it is shown how to accommodate time-dependent covariates and estimate absolute risk. Extensions to stratified case-cohort sampled data are also provided. The methods are illustrated in analyses of case-cohort samples from a study of radiation exposure from fluoroscopy and breast cancer using SAS software. |
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Keywords: | Bias Cox model Cumulative hazard Risk estimation Risk sets Stratified Cox model Time-dependent covariates |
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