反应时间对加氢残渣油四组分含量和结构的影响

以沙特轻质原油减压渣油（ALVR）为原料，采用高压釜考察了不同反应时间下加氢反应后残渣油的四组分含量及其结构组成变化。结果表明，与未加氢渣油相比，加氢残渣油中的饱和分含量大幅度增加，而芳香分、胶质和沥青质的含量均降低，四组分的H/C原子比和平均相对分子质量均降低，芳碳分率升高。加氢残渣油的四组分含量随反应时间的增加均呈规律性变化。随着加氢反应时间的增加，四组分的H/C原子比和平均相对分子质量降低，芳香分、胶质和沥青质的芳碳分率增加，胶质和沥青质的总环数和芳环数均降低。渣油加氢反应过程中，其四组分均发生了明显的氢解和脱烷基反应，胶质和沥青质结构单元间的各种桥键可发生明显的断裂，导致其结构单元数减少。不同来源和属性的渣油加氢反应后各组分的结构变化有一定区别。

Influence of Reaction Time on Content and Structure of Four Fractons in Residue Hydrotreating

Content and structure changes of four fractions were studied in autoclave at different reaction time in residue hydrotreating with the vacuum residue of Saudi Arabia light crude oil (ALVR) as feedstock. The results showed that the content of saturate increased greatly and the content of aromatic, resin and asphaltene decreased, and the H/C atom ratio and the mean relative molecular mass of four fractions in hydrotreated residue decreased and f_a increased, compared to the feedstock vacuum residue. The contents of four fractions in hydrotreated residue changed regularly with the increase of hydrotreating time. With the increase of hydrotreating time, the H/C atom ratio and the mean relative molecular mass of four fractions decreased and f_a of aromatic, resin and asphaltene increased, total rings and aromatic rings of resin and asphaltene decreased in hydrotreated residue. During residue hydrotreating the four fractions underwent hydrogenolysis and hydrodealkylation, and the bridge bonds between units of resin and asphaltene were broken, leading to decrease of unit number in resin and asphaltene. There still were some differences in structure and composition between the hydrotreated fractions of different residues.