A generalist herbivore in a specialist mode Metabolic,sequestrative, and defensive consequences |
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Authors: | Murray S. Blum Ray F. Severson Richard F. Arrendale Douglas W. Whitman Pierre Escoubas Olushola Adeyeye Clive G. Jones |
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Affiliation: | (1) Laboratory of Chemical Ecology Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, 30602 Athens, Georgia;(2) USDA-ARS, Russell Research Center, 30613 Athens, Georgia;(3) Department of Biology, Illinois State University, 61761 Normal, Illinois;(4) Department of Biology, Georgia State College, 30460 Statesboro, Georgia;(5) Institute of Ecosystems Studies, The New York Botanical Garden Mary Flagler Cary Arboretum, Box AB, 12545 Millbrook, New York |
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Abstract: | Adults of a generalist herbivore, the lubber grasshopper,Romalea guttata, can be converted to functional specialists by feeding them exclusively on catnip,Nepeta cataria. No obvious adverse effects on adult development resulted from this enforced monophagy. Notwithstanding the fact thatR. guttata has had no coevolutionary relationship with this Eurasian mint, it readily sequesters compounds that are identical to or derived from the terpenoid lactones that are characteristic ofN. cataria. R. guttata appears to both biomagnify minor allelochemicals and to sequester metabolites of theNepeta terpenes in its paired defensive glands. The levels of autogenously produced phenolics are not affected by feeding onN. cataria and the defensive secretions of catnip-fed grasshoppers are more repellent to ants than those of wild-fed acridids. Metabolites of theN. cataria monoterpenes are sequestered in the defensive glands when catnip is added to the natural diet ofR. guttata. The ability of a generalist,R. guttata, to facilely bioaccumulate a potpourri of foreign allelochemicals when feeding in a specialist mode is analyzed in terms of its biochemical, physiological, and functional significance. Sequestration is examined as a response to the enteric effronteries represented by the phytochemicals that can be characteristic of the overload in a monophagous diet. |
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Keywords: | Lubber grasshopper Romalea guttata (microptera) Orthoptera Acrididae sequestration catnip Nepeta cataria cyclopentanoid monoterpenes phenolics generalist herbivore defensive secretion |
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