完善黄河分水制度体系

流域分水制度对于优化水资源配置至关重要。以黄河流域为研究对象，尝试探讨流域宏观层面的水量分配制度体系，提出一个初步的流域分水制度框架，并利用这个框架评价了黄河的分水改革，探讨了流域分水制度的改进方向。在过去的15年中，黄河分水体系的各个方面均取得了不同程度的改进，但目前的分水制度仍很不完善。完整的流域分水制度是一组具有关联性、互补性和整体性的规则体系，至少应包括9类机制，即：初始分配机制、再分配机制、临时调整机制、监控机制、激励机制、惩罚机制、信息机制、利益整合机制和保障机制。从这几类机制着手，提出完善黄河分水体系的27个方面的意见和建议。

Improving Allocation System of the Yellow River

Basin water allocation system is the most important to the optimization of water configuration. The paper takes the Yellow River basin as a study objective, approaches to the water allocation system from macro point of view, puts forward a preliminary framework of basin allocation system, evaluates allocation reform of the Yellow River by using the framework and approaches to the orientation of improvement of water allocation. During the last 15 years, each aspect of allocation system of the Yellow River has made different level achievements. While the present allocation system is still not perfected yet. Completed allocation system is a set of regular system of interrelated, complementarity and entirety. It includes at least 9 mechanisms of initial allocation, second allocation, temporary regulation, monitoring and control, encouragement, punishment, information, benefit integration and guarantee. The paper also puts forward ideas and suggestions on improvement from 27 aspects starting from the above mechanisms.