中国低碳炼铁技术的发展路径与关键技术问题

“碳达峰”和“碳中和”是中国钢铁工业未来发展的总体规划,降低碳排放是钢铁企业需要共同攻克的技术难题。从源头减碳、过程节碳和末端用碳3个层面分析了中国低碳炼铁技术的发展路径,提出了实现“碳中和”需要解决的关键技术问题。分析表明废钢电炉短流程炼钢将是中国钢铁行业实现“碳中和”的主要途径,氢气竖炉直接还原将是中国钢铁行业实现“碳中和”的重要补充。高炉喷吹富氢气体、氧气高炉和全氧熔融还原炼铁等技术可以减少碳排放,但碳排放的减少量有限,必须要与末端CO₂吸附、储存和利用相结合,才能够实现“碳中和”。为了按期实现钢铁工业的“碳中和”,需要解决的关键技术问题有低成本氢气制备技术、煤气高温加热技术、炉顶煤气CO₂低成本脱除技术和CO₂的储存与利用技术。

Development path and key technical problems of low carbon ironmaking in China

"Carbon peak" and "carbon neutrality" are overall plans for the future development of China's iron and steel industry. Reducing carbon emission is a technical problem that steel enterprises need to overcome together. Development path of low carbon ironmaking technology in China is analyzed from three aspects of source, process and terminal CO₂ emission reduction. The key technical problems needed to be solved to realize "carbon neutrality" are put forward. The analysis shows that EAF steelmaking is the main way to realize "carbon neutrality", and hydrogen shaft furnace direct reduction will be an important supplement to realize "carbon neutrality" in China's iron and steel industry. The technologies for blast furnace injection of hydrogen rich gas, oxygen blast furnace and full oxygen smelting reduction iron smelting can reduce carbon dioxide emission. However, the reduction of carbon dioxide emission is limited. Only by combining with CO₂ adsorption, storage and utilization, can "carbon neutrality" be realized. In order to realize "carbon neutrality" in iron and steel industry on schedule, the key technical problems to be solved include low-cost hydrogen preparation technology, high-temperature gas heating technology, low-cost CO₂ removal technology from furnace top gas and CO₂ storage and utilization technology.