红土镍矿火法冶炼技术现状与研究进展

镍是生产不锈钢的主要合金元素之一,随着硫化镍矿资源的日益贫乏和镍需求量的不断增加,如何绿色高效利用储量丰富的红土镍矿对不锈钢产业的持续发展具有重要的现实意义。火法冶炼工艺具有流程短、原料适应范围广等优点,现已逐渐成为红土镍矿利用的主流工艺。阐述了RK-EF法、回转窑直接还原-磁选工艺、转底炉-熔分炉工艺、鼓风炉还原硫化熔炼镍锍工艺、高炉法等主要红土镍矿火法冶炼工艺的特点和优缺点,总结了国内外研究现状和发展前景,对火法冶炼技术绿色高效利用红土镍矿资源提出建议。

Development of pyrometallurgical technology of laterite nickel ore

Nickel is one of main alloying elements in the production of stainless steel. With the shortage of nickel sulfide ore resources and the increasing demand for nickel, using laterite nickel ore in a green and efficient way is of great practical significance to the sustainable development of stainless steel industry. The pyrometallurgical processes have the advantages of short flow and wide range of raw materials, and have gradually become the mainstream process for the utilization of laterite nickel ore. The characteristics, advantages, disadvantages and development of the main pyrometallurgical processes of laterite nickel ore, such as RK-EF process, direct reduction and magnetic process, rotary hearth furnace prereduction-electric furnace smelting separation process, reduction-sulfide smelting nickel matte process, and blast furnace process, are described in this paper. The research status and prospects at home and abroad are summarized. Suggestions on the green and efficient utilization of laterite nickel resources by pyrometallurgical technology are put forward.