栓绑法固定馆藏文物的抗震有效性振动台试验研究

为研究博物馆所采用量大面广的栓绑法固定馆藏文物的抗震有效性，选取两种典型地震易损文物复制品，开展了文物复制品-固定措施抗震系统振动台试验研究，获得了文物复制品在不同工况下的地震响应及文物复制品与鱼线相互作用响应，并检验了栓绑法固定措施的抗震有效性。建立相应有限元计算模型，并开展参数分析，为进一步补充试验数据、提出量化方法提供必要技术手段。结果表明:有限元数值预测结果与试验结果吻合较好。当地震波加速度峰值较大时，不同类型文物的运动状态有明显区别。文物重心越低，摇摆响应越小，但整体滑移响应增大。与浮放文物相比，采用栓绑法可有效降低文物的摇摆响应及滑移响应，同时适当提高鱼线初始预拉应力可显著降低文物的地震响应和鱼线的内力变化幅度。但当初始预拉应力过大时，对文物作用力较大。对于质地较为脆弱的文物，可在鱼线与文物接触处垫缓冲物来减轻文物的局部损伤。随鱼线初始预拉应力的提高，绑扎鱼线根数对文物运动状态影响减弱。同等条件下，文物高宽比越大，地震响应越强烈，鱼线内力变化幅度越大，宜适当提高鱼线的初始预拉应力达到更好的固定效果。

STUDY ON SEISMIC EFFECTIVENESS OF TIE UP METHOD FOR FIXING CULTURAL RELICS BASED ON SHAKING TABLE TESTS

To study the seismic effectiveness of the commonly used tie up method for fixing cultural relics, two typical cultural relics specimens were selected, and the shaking table tests of cultural relics specimens-fixed measure seismic system were carried out to obtain the seismic responses of cultural relics specimens and the interaction responses between cultural relics and fishing lines under different working conditions, and then the seismic effectiveness of typical tie up method was verified. The corresponding finite element models were established, and parameter analyses were carried out, which provided a necessary technical method for supplying test data and quantifying evaluation method. The results show that : the finite element results agree well with the test results. In the case of larger peak acceleration of earthquake wave, the motion states of different types of cultural relics are different. The lower the centre of gravity is, the smaller the rocking responses are, but the overall sliding responses slightly increase. Compared with the floating cultural relics, the rocking responses and sliding responses of cultural relics are effectively reduced by using tie up method. The seismic responses of cultural relics and the variation range of the internal force of the fishing lines are significantly reduced by appropriately increasing the initial pretension of fishing lines. However, when the initial pretension is too large, the reaction force on cultural relics is large. For the fragile cultural relics, some cushions between fishing lines and cultural relics can be used to reduce the local damage to cultural relics. With the increase of the initial pretension of fishing lines, the influence of the number of fishing lines on the responses of cultural relics is weakened. In the case of identical conditions, the larger the height-width ratio of cultural relics, the larger the seismic responses, and the larger the variation range of internal force of fishing lines, it was suggested to increase the initial pretension of the fishing lines to achieve better fixed effect.