“双碳”目标下膜技术发展的思考

实现碳达峰和碳中和，本质在于使经济社会发展彻底摆脱对含碳矿产资源的依赖，其关键在科技创新。作为一种高效节能的共性分离技术，膜技术在这个过程中可以发挥怎样的作用？本文从零碳能源重构、低碳流程再造、非二气体减排及负碳体系构建四个方面详细阐述了膜技术在实现“双碳”目标的关键技术途径中所发挥的重要作用，主要包括零碳电力存储、绿氢制备及利用、工业流程优化及节能降耗、CO₂及非二气体捕集、CO₂转化再利用等。文中分析了相关领域膜技术的发展现状，并对“双碳”目标下我国未来膜技术的研究方向和发展目标进行了展望，指出通过一系列颠覆性膜技术的大规模应用，可助力实现可再生能源成本全球最低、低碳流程再造代价最小两大战略目标，为我国实现碳中和提供坚实的技术支撑。

Thinking of membrane technology development towards"carbon emission peak"and"carbon neutrality"targets

The essence of achieving "carbon emission peak" and "carbon neutrality" is to completely get rid of the dependence of economic and social development on carbon-containing mineral resources. The key solution towards this issue is to develop innovative science and technology. As an efficient and energy-saving generic separation technology, what role can membrane technology play in this process? This paper discusses the important functions of membrane technology in the pivotal technical approaches to realizing "carbon emission peak" and "carbon neutrality" targets from four aspects: zero-carbon energy system reconstruction, low-carbon-process engineering, non-CO₂ gas emission reduction and negative-carbon-system creation. The involved technical approaches mainly included zero-carbon-electricity storage, green hydrogen preparation and utilization, process optimization and energy consumption reduction of current industrial processes, CO₂ and non-CO₂ gas capture, CO₂ conversion and reuse. The recent developments of membrane technology in the relevant fields are analyzed, and the future development directions and goals of the membrane technology in China are prospected. It is anticipated that the large-scale applications of various disruptive membrane technologies in the future could contribute to achieving the two strategic objectives of the lowest renewable energy cost in the world and the minimum price of low-carbon-process engineering, and then provide technical supports for realizing "carbon neutrality" in China.