基于薄层黑磷的电化学传感器研究进展

自2014年首次被报道以来，层状黑磷作为一种新型的二维纳米材料受到了广泛的关注与研究。层状黑磷具有比表面积大、带隙结构可调、载流子迁移率高、生物相容性好及易修饰等特点，是一类潜在的理想生物传感材料。本文将关注层状黑磷在电化学传感器中的应用，根据检测目标物的类型，对最新的研究报道进行了详细分类与讨论，主要包括气体分子、生物小分子、其他小分子、生物大分子、细胞几大类基于层状黑磷构筑的电化学传感器。重点概述了层状黑磷及其复合纳米材料的制备方法与性质，传感器的结构、工作原理与分析性能等。最后讨论了黑磷基纳米材料在电化学传感器中应用的现存问题和未来发展方向，为进一步拓展黑磷纳米材料在分析传感领域的应用提供了参考。

Recent progress of electrochemical sensors based on layered black phosphorus

Since the first report of layered black phosphorus (BP) in 2014, it has become a new member of two-dimensional nanomaterials and received extensive research attention. Due to the large specific surface area, adjustable band gaps, high carrier mobility, good biocompatibility and easy accessibility for functionalization, BP can serve as a promising candidate for biosensing material. In this review, a survey on the BP-based electrochemical sensors is provided, which are classified according to the type of analytes, including gas molecules, small biological molecules, other small molecules, large biological molecules and cells. Specifically, the preparation methods and properties of BP and its composites, as well as the structure, sensing mechanism and analytical performance of these BP-based electrochemical sensors are comprehensively summarized. Finally, the current challenges and future prospects of the application of BP-based nanomaterials in electrochemical sensors are discussed, which provided a perspective on the further applications of BP nanomaterials in the field of chem- and bio-sensing.