相变吸收捕集烟气中CO2技术的发展现状

化学吸收法作为目前最有效的CO₂捕集技术，吸收剂常用有机胺，但过高的再生能耗和成本限制了其在工业中的应用。基于传统有机胺溶剂开发出来的相变吸收剂被认为可以大幅减少解吸能耗，成为近几年研究的热点。本文详细介绍了相变吸收剂的常见类型、分相机理，并根据其具体组成进行了种类划分，对比分析了常用相变吸收剂和传统乙醇胺（MEA）吸收液的再生能耗，并指出温度、CO₂负荷以及相分离等因素对相变吸收剂的工艺流程长期运行稳定性的影响。在制备相变吸收剂的过程中，可加入活化剂来降低CO₂富液黏度，加入助溶剂来提高传质特性。本文阐述了现有相变吸收剂的挥发、降解和腐蚀等特性的研究现状。最后，结合研究现状和烟气捕集需求对相变吸收剂今后的研究方向给出了建议。

Recent developments of phase-change absorption technology for CO2 capture from flue gas

Chemical solvent absorption is currently the most effective CO₂ capture technology, and organic amines are commonly used as absorbents. However, its application in industry is limited due to its high regeneration energy consumption and high cost. Phase-change absorbers developed on the basis of traditional organic amine solvents are considered to be able to significantly reduce the energy consumption of desorption, which has become a research hotspot in recent years. In this paper, the common types and phase separation mechanism of phase change absorbers are introduced in detail, and the types are classified according to their specific composition. The regeneration energy consumption of the common phase-change absorbent and the traditional MEA absorbent is compared and analyzed. It also points out the influence of temperature, CO₂ load and phase separation on the long-term stability of the process flow of the phase change absorbent. In the process of preparing phase change absorber, an activator can be added to reduce the viscosity of CO₂ rich liquid, and a cosolvent can be added to improve the mass transfer characteristics. The research status of volatilization, degradation and corrosion characteristics of phase-change absorbent is reviewed. Finally, some suggestions on the future research direction of phase-change absorbers are given based on the research status and the requirements of flue gas capture.