面向航天器微小碰撞的飞秒光纤光栅冲击检测系统

针对航天器微小碰撞产生的冲击能量检测问题，设计了一种面向航天器微小碰撞的飞秒光纤光栅冲击检测系统，并对冲击能量进行检测。建立飞秒光纤光栅应变传感及边沿滤波解调模型。使用有限元分析软件对微小碰撞产生的冲击能量分布情况进行理论模拟。搭建冲击检测系统，对飞秒光纤光栅进行冲击能量感知特性测试，利用时域包络提取法分析能量传递特性。实验数据表明，质量为10、20、40、60、80 g的小球分别在同一位置下落时，光栅系统检测到的碰撞信号呈线性增长趋势，经边沿滤波算法反演冲击电压最高可达30.8 mV;同一质量小球在不同位置下落时，光栅系统检测到的碰撞信号呈线性下降趋势，检测到的冲击电压可低至16.5 mV。该系统可实现对微小碰撞产生的冲击能量的检测，对航天器微小碰撞检测问题有一定的参考意义。

Impact detection system of femtosecond fiber bragggrating for spacecraft micro-collisions

In order to detect the impact energy generated by spacecraft micro-impact, a femtosecond fiber grating impact detection systemfor spacecraft micro-impact was designed and the impact energy was detected. The strain sensing model and edge filtering demodulationmodel of femtosecond fiber grating are established. The finite element analysis software is used to simulate the impact energy distributionof micro-collisions. An impact detection system was built to test the impact energy sensing characteristics of femtosecond fiber grating,and the energy transfer characteristics were analyzed by using the time-domain envelope extraction method. Experimental results showthat when the balls with the mass of 10, 20, 40, 60 and 80 g fall at the same position, the collision signals detected by the gratingsystem show a linear increasing trend, the maximum impulse voltage retrieved by edge filtering algorithm is 30. 8 mV. When the samemass ball falls at different positions, the collision signals detected by the grating system show a linear downward trend, the detectedimpulse voltage can be as low as 16. 5 mV. The system can detect the impact energy generated by the micro-collision, which has acertain reference significance to the problem of spacecraft micro-collision detection.