城镇污水处理厂碳中和技术及案例

污水是资源与能源的载体，蕴含着极大的化学能和热能，传统污水处理过程以能消能，处理过程能耗高且释放温室气体。在碳中和背景下，我国城镇污水处理厂实现碳中和运行，在能源自给、降低温室气体排放等方面具有潜力，成为城镇污水处理厂转型的热点。本文以城镇污水处理厂碳中和运行潜力分析为背景，分析了以高负荷活性污泥工艺（HRAS）、化学强化一级处理工艺（CEPT）、自养脱氮和反硝化除磷等工艺技术为主的碳源捕捉、低耗处理的新型污水处理工艺，并阐述了以厌氧消化-热电联产、热能和太阳能回收为代表的能源回收技术，以国内外碳中和技术运行的实际污水厂案例探讨了其应用优势和效果。同时，认为低耗运行和能源回收是城镇污水处理厂实现碳中和运行的关键，并对我国城镇污水处理厂实现碳中和运行提出了展望，旨在为城镇污水处理厂的低耗绿色可持续发展提供参考。

Carbon neutral technologies and case studies in urban sewage treatment plants

Sewage is a carrier of resources and energy, containing enormous chemical and thermal energy. Traditional sewage treatment processes use energy to eliminate pollutants, which consumes high energy and releases greenhouse gases. In the context of carbon neutrality in China, urban sewage treatment plants achieve carbon-neutral operation with the potential in energy self-sufficiency, greenhouse gas reduction, etc., which has become a hot spot for urban sewage treatment plant transformation. Based on the analysis of the carbon-neutral operation potential of urban sewage treatment plants, this article analyzed a new type of wastewater treatment technology with carbon capture and low-consumption such as HRAS, CEPT, autotrophic nitrogen removal and denitrifying phosphorus removal. The energy recovery technologies utilizing anaerobic digestion combined heat and power while heat energy recovery and solar energy recovery were also elaborated. The application advantages and effects of urban sewage treatment plants operated by carbon-neutral technology at home and abroad were discussed. Meanwhile, findings from this study suggested that low-consumption operation and energy recovery were the key to achieving a carbon-neutral operation in urban sewage treatment plants, and prospects were put forward for achieving carbon-neutral operation in urban sewage treatment plants, aiming to provide reference for the low-consumption and sustainable development of urban sewage treatment plants.