面向柔性超级电容器的功能水凝胶材料的研究进展

功能水凝胶作为一种三维高分子网络结构的软湿材料，具有可灵活调控的功能特性，为设计和构建高性能柔性超级电容器提供了理想的材料。本文综述了近年来面向柔性超级电容器领域的功能水凝胶材料的研究进展，重点分类介绍了面向电化学双层电容器和赝电容器的功能水凝胶材料的设计构建和性能强化。探讨了通过水凝胶电解质及电极材料的组成结构设计和性能调控来提升超级电容器的电化学性能和力学性能的策略。同时，探讨了水凝胶电解质及电极材料的组成结构设计和性能调控在实现其自愈合、高耐寒等多样化功能特性方面的重要作用。最后，对功能水凝胶材料柔性超级电容器在高储能、高柔性、高保水、自愈合、高耐寒、绿色可降解等方面的未来发展进行了展望。

Research pogress of functional hydrogel materials for soft supercapacitors

Functional hydrogels, which are soft and wet materials containing three-dimensional polymeric networks with flexibly tunable functions and properties, provide ideal materials for developing high-perfromance soft supercapacitors. This review summarizes recent progress of functional hydrogel materials for soft supercapacitors with emphasis on the introduction of the design, fabrication and performance enhancement of soft supercapacitors for electrochemical double-layer capacitors and pseudocapacitors. Strategies for enhancing the electrochemical and mechanical properties of supercapacitors are discussed via designing the composition and structures of hydrogels and regulating their performances. Meanwhile, the important roles of the compositional and structural design of hydrogels and their performance regulation in the achievement of function diversity such as self-healing and high anti-freezing properties are analyzed. In the final part, the prospects on the future development of functional-hydrogel-based soft supercapacitors towards the ones with properties such as high energy storage, high flexibility, high water-retention, self-healing, high cold-tolerance and degradability are provided.