Characterization of glass ionomers for surgical applications

The clinical use of glass ionomers is well established in the odontological field. In particular; (i) high biocompatibility (unincreased macrophages activity), and consquently no inflammation in post-operative course; (ii) total non-toxicity of components; (iii) absence of mutagenic consequence on osteoblasts; (iv) dimensional stability and absence of macroscopic changes after very long implantation times; (v) stability to water and biological compounds, make these materials attractive for further clinical applications. The high adhesion both to metallic or ceramic surfaces and bone tissue makes this materials excellently usable for the adjustment of bone defects. This goal necessitates suitable knowledge of the mechanical, chemical, physical and biological properties of commercial materials so that the most suitable product can be identified. The characterization of representative products of each of the principal classes of glass ionomers material is reported.