Aggregation pheromone of coconut rhinoceros beetle,Oryctes rhinoceros (L.) (coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) |
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Authors: | Rebecca H. Hallett Alice L. Perez Gerhard Gries Regine Gries Harold D. Pierce Jr. Junming Yue A. Cameron Oehlschlager Lilliana M. Gonzalez John H. Borden |
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Affiliation: | (1) Centre for Pest Management Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, V5A 1S6 Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada;(2) Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, V5A 1S6 Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada;(3) Chem Tica International, Apdo 159-2150, San Jose, Costa Rica |
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Abstract: | Male coconut rhinoceros beetles,Oryctes rhinoceros (L.), produce three sex-specific compounds, ethyl 4-methyloctanoate, ethyl 4-methylheptanoate, and 4-methyloctanoic acid, the first of which is an aggregation pheromone. Synthesis of these compounds involving conjugate addition of organocuprates to ethyl acrylate is reported. In field trapping experiments, (4S)-ethyl 4-methyloctanoate and the racemic mixture were equally attractive and 10 times more effective in attracting beetles than ethyl chrysanthemumate, a previously recommended attractant. Ethyl 4-methylheptanoate was as attractive as ethyl chrysanthemumate and more attractive than 4-methyloctanoic acid, but further studies are required before it can be classed as an aggregation pheromone. Compared to ethyl 4-methyloctanoate alone, combinations of the three male-produced compounds did not increase attraction, whereas addition of freshly rotting oil palm fruit bunches to pheromone-baited traps significantly enhanced attraction. With increasing dose, captures ofO. rhinoceros increased, but doses of 6, 9, and 18 mg/day were competitive with 30 mg/day lures. Newly designed vane traps were more effective in capturing beetles than were barrier or pitfall traps. Results of this study indicate that there is potential for using ethyl 4-methyloctanoate in operational programs to controlO. rhinoceros in oil palm plantations. |
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Keywords: | Coleoptera Scarabaeidae Oryctes rhinoceros coconut rhinoceros beetle aggregation pheromone pheromone chirality ethyl 4-methyloctanoate ethyl 4-methylheptanoate 4-methyloctanoic acid |
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