Enhancement of the tensile strengths of rock and shotcrete by thin spray-on liners |
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| Affiliation: | 1. University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa;2. SRK Consulting (SA) (Pty) Ltd, Johannesburg, South Africa;3. Sibanye Gold (Pty) Ltd, Johannesburg, South Africa;4. University of Engineering & Technology, Risalpur Campus, Pakistan;1. Departamento de Obras Civiles, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso, Chile;2. Departamento de Ingeniería Civil y Ambiental, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain;1. School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University 637598, Singapore;2. School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400045, China;3. Formerly School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore;4. State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, College of Computer Science and Cyber Security, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China;5. College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China;6. School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing University Industrial Technology Research institute, Chongqing 400045, China;1. Steel Structure Research Group, POSCO, 100, Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21985, Republic of Korea;2. Department of Architectural Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea;1. Key Laboratory of Coalbed Methane Resource and Reservoir Formation Process, Ministry of Education, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221008, China;2. School of Resources and Geosciences, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China;3. School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia;4. Guizhou Research Center of Shale Gas and CBM Engineering Technology, Guiyang, 550009, China;5. Coal Mine Exploration of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550009, China |
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| Abstract: | Thin spray-on liners (TSLs) have been available for application in mining and civil engineering situations for about 20 years. They were initially used as sealants, but have subsequently been developed as surface support liners. Although they are used in substantial quantities in mines in South Africa and Canada, widespread application for support purposes has been met with some scepticism. Observations from users, however, have indicated that, contrary to this scepticism, TSL support performance was almost always better than expected. A reason for the scepticism is probably a lack of quantification of the benefits. This paper aims to address this lack of data to some extent. It provides quantification of the enhancement of tensile strengths of rock and shotcrete due to the application of TSLs. The quantification was achieved using Brazilian indirect tensile testing, and several commercially available TSL products. Some tests were also carried out on small rock beams using three-point bending. The results show that, depending on the TSL product used, the tensile strength of a strong, brittle rock can be increased by approximately 30%, and that of shotcrete by more than 40%. TSL application on a weak porous sandstone resulted in an early tensile strength reduction, probably due to absorption of moisture. This was not the case with TSL application on shotcrete.Many of the rock support mechanisms provided by sprayed liners depend substantially or completely on the tensile strength contribution of the liner. Hence the data provided in this paper makes a contribution to knowledge, of value in the design of support for excavations in rock. |
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| Keywords: | Thin spray-on liner Tensile strength Brazilian tensile test Rock tensile strength enhancement Shotcrete tensile strength enhancement Rock support |
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