Techniques for the measurement of natural product incorporation into an antifouling coating |
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Authors: | LD Chambers JA Wharton RJK Wood FC Walsh KR Stokes |
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Affiliation: | 1. National Centre for Advanced Tribology at Southampton (nCATS), Engineering Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK;2. Physical Sciences Department, Dstl, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JQ, UK;3. Department of Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TR, UK |
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Abstract: | The control of biofouling can be achieved by a variety of methods but for an open system, such as a ship's hull, a protective paint coating is the most adopted method. The incorporation of a natural product extract directly into a coating has received little previous attention. This study has investigated a combination of the antifouling compound (a natural product extract) and the delivery system (control depletion polymer) investigated together. It was necessary to investigate the natural product incorporation into a coating and finally assess the antifouling system including the primer layers in the natural marine environment. Natural products must first be practical as antifoulants to be developed further into a functional system by their incorporation into surfaces or coatings. To demonstrate this, the natural product under investigation was homogenised into a blank proprietary antifouling paint system binder, applied to primed and un-primed ship grade steel and immersed in marine environments. Electrochemical techniques were used to investigate the effects of natural product incorporation into a coating. In addition, optical and scanning electron microscopes were used to assess the physical characteristics of the coating system. The most rigorous test for an antifouling system is a field trial. Field trials were completed at a raft exposure facility, in estuarine dock conditions at the Empress dock, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK. |
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Keywords: | Antifouling coatings Biomimetics Natural products Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy |
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