Optimized silyl ester diblock methacrylic copolymers: A new class of binders for chemically active antifouling coatings

This work focuses on the assessment of the erosion properties and antifouling (AF) performance of silyl ester copolymer-based coatings through laboratory and field tests. Silyl ester diblock copolymers were synthesized via the reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization and were selected as binders for developing copper-free chemically active coatings. AF coatings were subsequently prepared using biocides (Sea-Nine™ 211, Preventol^® A4S, and zinc pyrithione). Laboratory-based bioassays, targeting the growth of selected microorganisms (bacteria and microalgae) and barnacle settlement, highlighted that the silyl ester methacrylic-based binders did not inhibit the growth of microorganisms, are essentially non-toxic to nauplii and reduced the settlement of Amphibalanus amphitrite cyprids. The corresponding biocidal coatings are potent toward bacteria and diatoms but were demonstrated to be toxic against the barnacle larvae. Field test results showed variations with geographical locations: in sub-tropical area, the silyl ester methacrylic-based coatings failed to inhibit the settlement of barnacles; however, field tests performed in Mediterranean Sea for 18 months demonstrated that biocidal silyl ester methacrylic-based coatings were promising candidates.