Preparation and characterization of sodium iron titanate ion exchanger and its application in heavy metal removal from waste waters |
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Authors: | Akieh Marceline N Lahtinen Manu Väisänen Ari Sillanpää Mika |
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Affiliation: | Laboratory of Applied Environmental Chemistry, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Kuopio, Patteristonkatu 1, FIN-50100 Mikkeli, Finland. |
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Abstract: | The ion exchange properties of sodium iron titanates, namely, NaFeTiO(4), Na(2)Fe(2)Ti(6)O(16) and iron-doped sodium nonatitanate were investigated. Conventional solid state and sol-gel methods were used in the synthesis of the sodium iron titanates. Structural characterization of the materials was performed with powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry (TG), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and with inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Based on TG analyses, the novel iron-doped sodium nonatitanate was proven to be a member of the layered titanate family. The different sodium iron titanates were compared based on the efficiency in separating Ni from aqueous streams by conducting batch experiments with a batch factor of 1000 ml/g. Iron-doped sodium nonatitanate exhibited the best ion exchange performance compared to the other sodium iron titanates studied. It was found to be selective for nickel over potassium and showed 99% removal efficiency for Ni. |
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Keywords: | Sodium iron titanate Iron-doped sodium nonatitanate Ion exchange Heavy metal Waste water |
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