冷坩埚熔铸技术的研究及开发现状

综述了冷坩埚技术的原理和特点、目前的研究及开发现状。冷坩埚具有无污染，可熔化高熔点金属，制备的材料组织均匀等优点。冷坩埚技术在以下领域得到广泛的研究和应用：与熔化技术相结合能高纯均匀熔炼活性金属，通过起熔材料能制备陶瓷材料；与连铸技术相结合能进行冷坩埚电磁连铸技术，提高铸锭表面质量，改善内部组织；与定向凝固和连铸技术相结合的冷坩埚定向凝固技术已成功进行钛合金的定向凝固；与多晶硅制备技术相结合能连续制备多晶硅，杂质含量少；与雾化沉积技术相结合的冷坩埚雾化沉积技术具有熔化合金种类多、适用范围广的优点。冷坩埚的自身特点决定了其必将更受重视和广阔发展前景。

Research and Development of Cold Crucible Melting and Casting Technology

The principle, characteristic, researches, application and the development of the cold crucible is reviewed. Cold crucible has many advantages, such as melting high melting point metal, no pollution, uniform composition and so on. As a result cold crucible is extensive researched and applied in the following field. Cold crucible can be used for melting reactive metals, without contamination, and create an alloy of uniform composition. Through ignition cold crucible can be applied for preparing ceramic materials. Cold crucible continuous casting can improve surface quality and optimize structure. Titanium alloys can be directional solidified by cold crucible. Massive photovoltaic multicrystalline silicon billet is continuous solidified from cold crucible, in the billet the impurity content is kept at the same low level as it is in the feed stock. Cold crucible spray arid deposition can melt many kinds of alloys and have more application area. The characteristic and advantages of cold crucible decide that it will be received more attention and has more development area.