细菌纤维素发酵原料的研究进展

细菌纤维素是一种新型微生物合成材料,在食品、造纸、纺织、生物医药、声学器材振动膜和功能复合材料等方面均有很好的应用前景。细菌纤维素发酵培养基(尤其碳源)的成本是现今制约细菌纤维素推广应用的主要因素之一。甘露醇、果糖和葡萄糖等合成培养基所用碳源因其价格较高仅适用于实验室研究和小型发酵生产,规模化生产细菌纤维素的潜在原料应是一些量大价低的天然原料,包括水果类原料、糖质原料、低值淀粉类原料和废弃纤维素类原料等。木质纤维素原料是最具发展潜力的细菌纤维素碳源,也是细菌纤维素产业的根本出路,但目前存在一些技术瓶颈,制约了其开发利用,是一远期战略目标。文章简要介绍了细菌纤维素的基本情况,系统阐述了国内外发酵生产细菌纤维素原料的研究进展,展望了今后的发展趋势。

Recent Progress in Fermentation Feedstocks of Bacterial Cellulose

Bacterial cellulose （BC） is a new biomaterial produced by microorganisms. It can be widely used in the food industry, paper and textile industry, biomedical industry, acoustics equipment industry, functional composite materials and so on. Cultural media especially carbon resource cost plays a major part in the production of bacterial cellulose by fermentation, which limits its wide applications. Mannitol, fructose and glucose as carbon sources in synthetic media are applicable in laboratory research and small-scale production of BC, but large-scale manufacture should apply those abundant and cheap feedstocks from natural sources including fi-uit feedstock, sugar-base feedstock, low-value starch feedstock and waste cellulosic feedstock. Lignocellulosic feedstock has the most potential in the industrial production of BC, but this is a long term strategy because present technique bottlenecks restrict its development and application. This paper briefly introduces the basic information of bacterial cellulose and reviews the research progress in the area of feedstocks in fermentation. The potential feedstocks and their development in future are also prospected.