中国烃源岩研究进展、挑战与展望

新中国油气工业发展60年历经两次大飞跃:第一次是在20世纪50年代初至80年代初,实现了陆相油气勘探重大发现并建立了陆相石油地质理论;第二次是在上世纪80年代初至今,实现了海相碳酸盐岩层油气勘探的重大突破并形成了中国特色海相石油地质理论。这些成果基于从中元古界到新近系均有发育的丰厚烃源岩基础,其中新生界陆相烃源岩和下古生界海相烃源岩生成了主要的石油储量,发现了大庆油田、渤海湾富油区和塔河等大油田;石炭—二叠系和侏罗系烃源岩构成了天然气储量主体,探明了苏里格、克拉2和普光等大气田。进入21世纪以来,中国油气勘探更呈现出"三海一陆"并进、石油稳定发展、天然气快速发展的良好态势,继上世纪60年代大庆和渤海湾油气大发现以后,全国年均新增探明石油地质储量再次突破10×108t大关,新增探明天然气储量也以年均5000×108m3的速度增长。该成果的取得与优质烃源岩、多元生烃的认识及陆相岩性地层油气藏、海相碳酸盐岩油气藏理论的提出等理论认识的重大突破,以及不断进步的钻探、物探和有机地球化学等勘探技术密不可分。目前,我国烃源岩研究仍面临着找到了大油气田主力烃源岩尚未明确、深层油气生成及其保存机制尚不清楚和资源潜力预测仍存在不确定性等亟待解决的众多挑战,其未来发展必须借助于油气勘探稳定发展的良好时机,把握生烃成藏的核心问题和勘探开发实际需求,切实将成烃与成盆、成藏作为一个含油气系统来动态研究烃源岩问题。

Research Progress,Challenge and Prospect of the Source Rocks in China

The development of Chinese oil and gas industry has experienced two great leaps during these 60 years：the first leap was from the early 1950s to the early 1980s,which has realized the significant discovery of the continental oil and gas exploration and established the continental petroleum geology theory.The second leap is from the early 1980s to the present ,which has realized the great breakthrough of the oil and gas ex- ploration in the maline carbonate rock reservoir and also established the Chinese characteristic theory of the marine petroleum geology.These achievements are based on the abundant source rock resources which were well developed from the middle Proterozoic to the Neogene.The main petroleum reserves are from the Cenozoic continental source rocks to lower Palaeozoic marine source rocks,and some large oil fields ,such as the Daqing,Bohai Bay and Tahe large oil fields have been discovered.The main gas reserves are from the Car- boniferous-Permian to the Jurassic source rocks,and some large gas fields were also discovered,such as Sulige,Kela 2 and Puguang large gas fields.Since the 21st Century,the Chinese oil and gas exploration has been in an excellent situation： three seas and one continent have been explored simultaneously;petroleum exploration developed steadily and the gas exploration developed rapidly.The new annual average of the proved oil reserves has increased to 10×10^4t again,and the new annual average of the proved gas reserves has also reached to 5000×10^8m3 after great oil and gas discovered in the Daqing and Bohai Bay in 1960s.These achievements are inseparable with the excellent source rocks ,great breakthrough of some theoretical knowledge such as multi-source hydrocarbon generation theory,advances of the continental lithologic-stratigraphic reservoir theory and marine carbonate rock reservoir theory,and the development of the drilling,geophysical and organic geochemical explorations as well.In China,the source rock research still faces lots of chaHenges at present.The main source rocks of the large oil and gas fields haven＇t been defined yet;the generation and preservation mechanism of the deep hydrocarbon are not quite clear; and the uncertainty of the resource potential prediction still exists.The development of the source rock research should： seize the great opportunity of the stable oil and gas exploration development,solve the critical problem of the hydrocarbon generation and reservoir formation,and meet the practical needs of the oil and gas exploration and development.And it also needs to take the hydrocarbon generation,basin and reservoir formation as one petroleum system for the source rock research.