等离子体煤热解与气化工艺的研究进展

介绍了煤在热等离子体中转化为小分子化合物的2个重要过程,即等离子体煤热解和气化的基本原理、应用及发展状况。在非氧化性气氛中,煤热解生成的气体产物主要是乙炔、氢气、一氧化碳,此外还有甲烷和乙烯等小分子烃,乙炔的收率与煤种、粉煤粒度、反应器结构、粉煤进料方式、进料速度及操作条件密切相关,等离子体中氢的存在有利于乙炔的产生;在氧化性气氛中,煤气化产物主要是一氧化碳和氢气,煤中碳的转化率达95%,合成气体积分数约85%,二氧化碳体积分数低于5%。指出等离子体应用于煤转化过程是煤洁净利用的有效方式,具有潜在的工业化应用前景。

Advances on pyrolysis and gasification technologies of coal by plasma

The definition,character and division of plasma were summarized.As a brand-new technique,plasma coal pyrolysis and gasification were introduced.The factors influencing products formation and distribution and their primary reaction mechanism were discussed.The main products are C_2H_2,H_2,CO and some small molecular hydrocarbon (such as CH_4,C_2H_4) in inert atmosphere.The yield of C_2H_2 is affected by the coal type,coal size,reactor configuration,feeding fashion,feeding rate and operational conditions.Hydrogen in the plasma system can improve the formation of C_2H_2 of gaseous products.For reactive atmosphere with O_2,H_2 and CO are the main gaseous products and the yield of coal conversion is 95%,and the volume fraction of synthetic gas and that of CO_2 in product gas are 85% and <5%,respectively.Additionally their future prospect was expected.Based on some researches and results from experiments,it was proved that the plasma introduced into the coal conversion is an effective and clean technique.Especially with the depletion of petroleum and the combined pressure to establish energy security,improve pollution control and reduce global warming,the technology for pyrolysis and gasification of coal by plasma has potential advantages in industrialization.