我国氮氧化物排放控制及脱硝催化剂研究进展

氮氧化物(NOx)对大气环境造成的危害已成为影响生态环境和经济社会可持续发展的重要因素,其来源主要集中在火电、玻璃、陶瓷、水泥、钢铁和焦化行业等固定污染源以及机动车、船舶和飞机等移动污染源。实践表明,催化脱硝是NOx减排的最有效手段。介绍我国NOx污染现状,并结合不同领域和行业的烟气特点,阐述NOx的治理情况和研究难点。在此基础上,围绕NOx催化消除这一共性问题,根据不同行业间实际工况的共性和差异性,分别以NH_3-SCR(固定源脱硝)和NO+CO(移动源脱硝)两种催化脱硝技术为主线,系统综述固定源(中高温、低温、抗中毒)及移动源(汽油车和柴油车)中脱硝催化剂的研究进展,并对不同领域相应脱硝催化剂可能的发展方向进行展望。

Analysis of NOx emission and control in China and research progress in denitration catalysts

The un-controlled emission of nitrogen oxides(NOx) has become major factor affecting the ecological environment and sustainable development of society and economy.Nitrogen oxides are mainly from stationary sources(thermal power,glass,ceramic,cement,steel,coking industry,etc) and mobile sources(motor vehicle,ship,aircraft,etc).Catalytic denitration constitutes one of the most powerful techniques for the abatement of NOx.Herein we give a introduction of current status of NOx emission in China.Then,combined with the characteristics of flue gas from different fields and industries,the treatment and research difficulties of NOx are discussed.Afterwards,by analyzing the similarities and differences of actual working condition around catalytic denitration in different fields,two widely used methods for controlling NOx emission,NH₃-SCR(stationary sources denitration) and NO+CO(mobile sources denitration) are emphasized,and the research progress of stationary sources(medium/high-temperature,low-temperature,poisoning-resistant) and mobile sources(gasline and diesel engines) denitration catalysts are systematic reviewed.Lastly,the perspectives on the possible developing orientation for denitration catalysts correspond to different industries are presented.