建造角色视野下民居建造方式的演变研究——基于贵州省雨布鲁村石构民居的案例

传统的建造角色以屋主人与工匠为主，在过去的民居建造活动中，他们是拥有决定权和实施权的建造主体，也是传统建造方式的传承者，更是缓解嬗变的社会环境破坏传统民居连续演变的缓冲剂，但这一状态在城乡一体化和新农村建设中，随着当代地方政府作为新角色介入乡村民居建设而发生变化，民居建造方式的演变轨迹也随之改变。论文以保存完整的、贵州省黔西南州兴义市清水河镇雨布鲁村300多年间4次建设高峰中产生的石构民居作为研究样本，通过田野研究、民居测绘、工匠访谈还原不同年代石构民居的建造与演变，分析建造角色在其中的衍化，并探究环境嬗变对它们产生的影响。

A Study on the Evolution of Construction Methods of Dwellings from the Perspective of Construction Roles: A Case Study of Stone Dwellings in Yubulu Village,Guizhou Province

Historically, traditional construction roles were mainly undertaken by house owners and craftsmen. They were the construction experts, with the right to make and implement decisions, as well as the inheritors of traditional construction methods. More importantly, they acted as a buffer to alleviate the damage from changing social and environmental conditions to the continuous evolution of traditional residential buildings. However, this changed with urban-rural integration and the new rural construction, when local government became involved in the construction of rural dwellings, leading to changes in the evolution of traditional dwelling construction methods. This paper studies the well-preserved stone-structure residential buildings that were produced during four construction peaks over 300 years in Yubulu Village, Qingshuihe Town and Xingyi City, in the Southwest Guizhou Autonomous Prefecture, Guizhou Province. The paper restores the construction and evolution of stone dwellings in different ages, through field research, residential surveying and mapping, and interviews with craftsmen. The evolution of construction roles during the period is analyzed, and the impacts of environmental evolution on them are expounded.