Additive manufacturing and direct synthesis of sphene ceramic scaffolds from a silicone resin and reactive fillers |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy;2. Refractories, Ceramics and Building Materials Department, National Research Centre, El Buhouth Str., 12622, Cairo, Egypt;3. National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), DIAM Group, Padova, Italy;4. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy;5. Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy;6. GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, 48033 Cotignola, Ravenna, Italy;7. Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy;8. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16801, United States;1. Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai, 200093, China;2. Laboratory of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Materials for High-Power Laser, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China;1. SEFPRO SGR Provence, F-84306, Cavaillon Cedex, France;2. Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Grenoble INP (Institute of Engineering and Management Univ. Grenoble Alpes), LEPMI, 38000, Grenoble, France;1. FunGlass, Alexander Dub?ek University of Tren?ín, Tren?ín, Slovakia;2. Department of Industrial Engineering, Università Degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy;3. Refractories, Ceramics and Building Materials Department, National Research Centre, El-Bohous Str., 12622, Cairo, Egypt;4. Joint Glass Centre of the IIC SAS, TnUAD, and FChFT STU, FunGlass, Alexander Dub?ek University of Tren?ín, Tren?ín, Slovakia;1. Department of Glass Processing, FunGlass, Alexander Dub?ek University of Tren?ín, Tren?ín, Slovakia;2. Ceramics Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt;3. Department of Industrial Engineering, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy;4. Joint Glass Centre of the IIC SAS, TnUAD, and FChFT STU, FunGlass, Alexander Dub?ek University of Tren?ín, Tren?ín, Slovakia;5. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA |
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| Abstract: | Sphene (CaTiSiO5, i.e. CaO·TiO2·SiO2) ceramics were successfully developed via the polymer derived ceramics route, starting from a commercial silicone containing specific oxide fillers. The approach allowed the combination of synthesis, in conditions of high phase purity, and advanced manufacturing. In particular, the adopted starting materials enabled an easy preparation of pastes, to be used for direct ink writing (DIW) of three-dimensional reticulated scaffolds. Sphene scaffolds, after firing at 1300 °C, were always regular and crack-free, despite changes in the line spacing, resulting in variable porosity (from ≈ 59 to 74 %), and exhibited a compressive strength from 3.9 to 12.7 MPa. The porosity was actually hierarchical, considering the formation of ‘spongy’ struts. In vitro tests, with increasing immersion time in SBF solution, confirmed the bioactivity, combined with a quite slow ion release, useful to maintain the pH value at nearly physiological values. Additional biological tests, consisting of the seeding of scaffold with normal human adult dermal fibroblasts, showed adequate cell viability and no toxicity effect. |
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| Keywords: | Direct ink writing Polymer derived ceramic Bioceramic scaffolds Bioactive silicates Sphene |
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