耐高温重烷基苯磺酸盐的合成及表征

在对萃取技术进行了改进的基础上，以重烷基苯（HAB）为原料，经发烟硫酸磺化、分酸、中和和萃取等步骤，合成了重烷基苯磺酸钠（nABS）表面活性临界剂。利用红外吸收光谱（IR）对HAB和合成的HABS进行了表征，并通过测定HABS的表面张力、泡沫性能和热失重等性能，考察了HABS的热稳定性。结果表明，只用热乙醇萃取的方法简化了以往的萃取步骤，节省原料，操作简单。合成的HABS的临界胶束浓度（cmc）为0．045％，临界胶束浓度下的表面张力（‰）为33．423mN／m。在1500r／min下，起始发泡体积为450mL，半衰期为230min。TGA曲线表明，加热到300％，HABS热失重5．48％。说明这种表面活性剂耐高温性能良好。

Synthesis and Characterization of Heavy Alkyl Benzene Sulfonate with Good Heat Endurance

The sodium heavy alkyl benzene sulfonate （HABS） was synthesized with an improved extraction technique, in which the alkyl benzenes （HAB） were sulfonated by fuming sulfuric acid, and then removed inorganic layer, neutralized and extracted. The structures of HAB and HABS were characterized by FTIR. The thermal stability of HABS was examined by determining surface tension, foaming properties and thermal weight loss. The results showed that the hot alcohol extraction methods saved materials and was simpler than the common ways. The CMC and 3,CMC of synthesized sodium heavy alkyl benzene sulfonate were 0.045% and 33.423mN/m respectively. The initial foaming volume and foam half-life were 450mL and 230min respectively when the rotate speed was 1500r/min. The TGA data showed that the thermal weight loss of HABS at 300℃ was 5.48%. It was indicated that this surfactant had good heat endurance.