唐宋诗画中的茶花及其园林应用初探

从唐宋期间的129首诗词可见,茶花的概念逐渐从茶(Camellia sinensis)花发展至涵盖了山茶(Camellia japonica)、滇山茶(Camellia reticulata)、茶梅(Camella sasanqua)等野生资源及山茶品种的广义概念,并出现了‘黄香’‘粉红’‘玉环’‘红百叶’‘并山茶’‘日丹’‘吐丝’‘玉罄’‘桃叶’‘玉茗’‘都胜’‘磬口’‘檀心’‘鹤顶红’‘月丹’等品种。在园林景观的应用中,茶花多与松、竹、梅、水仙配置,尤其是与梅和竹的植物造景应用最多,并形成植物组团与建筑、山水、路径、鸟禽的配合,从而形成富有诗情画意的风景园林。

Camellias in Poems and Paintings of Tang and Song Dynasties

The paper collected and analyzed 129 poems in Tang and Song Dynasties.The concept of camellias gradually developed from the fl ower of Camellia sinensis to the broad concept of ornamental camellias including Camellia japonica,Camellia reticulata,Camellia sasanqua and cultivars of Camellia japonica.There are 15 varieties were mentioned in the analyzed poems,including‘Huangxiang’‘Pink’‘Yuhuan’‘Hongluo’‘bingshancha’‘ridan’‘Tusi’‘Yuqi’‘taoye’‘Yuming’‘Dusheng’‘Qingkou’‘Tanxin’‘hedinghong’and‘yuedan’.In the landscapes,camellias are always panted with pine trees,bamboos,Mei fl owers or Narcissus,especially with Mei fl ower and bamboos,and then form a poetic charming landscape.