放射性惰性气体分离与分离材料研究进展

放射性惰性气体氙（¹³³Xe）、氪（⁸⁵Kr）与氩（³⁷Ar）是重要的气体裂变产物，主要产生于核电站反应堆、地下核试验、乏燃料后处理等人类核活动中。放射性惰性气体的快速高效分离、分析与检测在核军控核查、核环境监控、核燃料循环等领域中均有重要意义。利用固体多孔吸附材料在室温环境下从复杂环境气氛中选择性地将目标放射性惰性气体高效吸附分离出来是目前最简单与高效的方法。近些年发展的金属有机框架材料、多孔有机框架材料、多孔有机聚合物等新型多孔材料在惰性气体Xe与Kr的分离上已经展现出优异的性能与良好的应用前景。本文系统性地综述了放射性惰性气体（Xe、Kr、Ar）分离与分离材料的研究进展，并对未来研究趋势进行了展望。

Research Progress on Radioactive Noble Gas Separation and Separation Materials

The radioactive noble gases xenon(¹³³Xe), krypton(⁸⁵Kr) and argon⁽³⁷Ar) are important gas fission products, which are mainly produced in human nuclear activities such as nuclear power reactors, underground nuclear tests and spent fuel reprocessing. Consequently, rapid and efficient separation, analysis and detection of the radioactive noble gases are of great significance in nuclear arms control and verification, nuclear environmental monitoring, nuclear fuel cycle and other fields. Currently, it is the simplest and most efficient method to efficiently capture and separate the target radioactive noble gas from a complex environmental atmosphere at ambient temperature by using adsorptive separation based on solid porous adsorbent materials. Recent years, the emerged new porous materials such as metal organic framework(MOF), porous organic frameworks(POF), covalent organic frameworks(COF), porous organic cage, etc have shown excellent performance and great potential on adsorptive separation of noble gases Xe and Kr. In this reviews, we discuss the recent advances of separation materials for radioactive noble gas(Xe, Kr and Ar) separation and the corresponding future prospects.