基于类型学思维方法的日本禅宗庭园空间特征研究

禅宗于日本镰仓时期由中国传入日本，影响并催生当时各禅宗派别寺院建成。其中的庭园作为禅宗寺院内禅僧日常参禅礼佛、居住坐卧等日常活动的重要空间，其风格同时受到禅学宗派文化及日本庭园地域性等多因素影响。以类型学的基本思维为研究思维框架，对日本禅宗多个派别寺庙的庭园空间特征及造园手法进行空间聚类分析，总结概括出极简枯山水式、普式枯山水式、池庭枯山水式、山水林泉式和阔水林泉式5类庭园空间原型，并最终结合各类禅宗庭园所处时代的山水观念、政治经济背景及禅宗文化思想进行综合讨论，形成了类型化、符号化的日本禅宗庭园空间构成特征结论与研究方法范式。

Study on the Spatial Characteristics of Japanese Zen Gardens Based on the Typology Theory

Zen Buddhism was introduced into Japan from China in the Kamakura period, which influenced and promoted the construction of Zen temples at that time. Under this background, the garden as an outdoor space closely related to the daily activities of Zen monks, such as daily meditation, Buddha worship, and living, their characters are influenced by multiple factors including both Zen culture and the regional tradition of Japanese gardens. This paper takes the basic typological theory as the research framework, taking the representative gardens of Zen Buddhism in Japan as the objects and conducting cluster analysis on the spatial characteristics and gardening techniques of Zen gardens, and finally sums up 5 types of spatial prototypes. At last, this paper formed the typological and symbolic conclusion and research paradigm on the spatial characteristics of Japanese Zen gardens by combining a comprehensive discussion of the landscape concept, political and economic background, and Zen Buddhism culture