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Preparation of thermally stable and flame-retardant sugarcane bagasse-ammonium dihydrogen phosphate/epoxy composites and their performance |
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| Authors: | Shang-Hao Liu Chen-Feng Kuan Cing-Yu Ke Ming-Yuan Shen Chin-Lung Chiang |
| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Yunlin University Science and Technology (Yun Tech), Douliou, Taiwan, ROC Contribution: Data curation (equal), Formal analysis (equal), Methodology (equal), Resources (equal);2. Green Flame Retardant Material Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC Contribution: Data curation (equal), Investigation (equal);3. Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, Hung-Kuang University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC Contribution: Data curation (supporting), Investigation (supporting);4. Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC;5. Green Flame Retardant Material Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC |
| Abstract: | Epoxy resin was often applied in fiber-reinforced composite materials, adhesives, and encapsulation materials. However, epoxy was easily flammable and limited its usage in certain applications. The study recycled and reused agricultural waste sugarcane bagasse to prepare a halogen-free bio-based intumescent flame retardant and then mixed with epoxy resin to prepare a composite containing polymer with improved thermal properties and flame retardancy of the materials. The work followed the concept of circular economy and sustainability. Bagasse-ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) flame retardant was added to an epoxy resin to prepare epoxy/bagasse-ADP composites, an effective flame-retarding composite material through hydrothermal method. Adding bagasse-ADP increased the thermal stability and flame retardancy of the composite materials compared with that of pure epoxy. For the material with 30 wt% added bagasse-ADP, the char yield was 32.3 wt%, which was 18.2 wt% higher than that of pure epoxy (14.1 wt%) through thermogravimetric analysis. In addition, the limiting oxygen index increased from 21% to 30%, and the UL-94 classification improved from “Fail” to “V-0.” This performance was attributed to the nitrogen, phosphorus, and silicon content of the flame retardant. |
| Keywords: | ammonium dihydrogen phosphate epoxy flame retardant hydrothermal method sugarcane bagasse |