Effect of calcination temperature on structural,vibrational, optical,and rheological properties of zirconia nanoparticles

ZrO₂ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by a simple, versatile, and an efficient methodology based on microwave. The synthesized NPs were calcined at temperatures ranging from 100 °C to 600 °C. The samples were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), FT-IR spectroscopy, Far-IR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and UV-vis absorption spectroscopy. The results clearly showed the presence of purely monoclinic phase of zirconia when the calcination temperature exceeds 400 °C. The experimental results showed that the viscosity of zirconia NPs in ethylene glycol (EG) increases with increasing the particle volume fraction and decreases with increasing temperature.