盐构造与油气勘探

盐构造广泛分布于北美、非洲、欧洲、东南亚、中东等地区，是当前国外构造地质研究和油气勘探的热点。2002年AAPG年会重要议题之一是盐构造与油气勘探，发布的最新研究成果表明：盐构造演化主要经历底辟早期、局部盐岩运移、线形盐墙同期变形、成熟底辟形成晚期和底辟活动等5个阶段；主要发育盐墙、盐株伞盖、盐倒悬体、盐焊接、盐岩推覆体、微型盆地、逆断层和走向滑动断层等8种构造样式；利用三维物理与数值模拟可以恢复盐构造发育过程和空间变化，有助于识别盐构造。与盐构造有关的油气勘探近期分别在墨西哥湾、非洲(安哥拉、刚果深水大陆架)、中东的伊朗等地区取得重大发现，显示了盐构造的巨大油气勘探前景。随着三维地震成像和盐构造地震识别技术的应用，与盐构造相关的油气藏将是今后权为重要的油气储量增长点。参13

Salt structures and exploration of oil and gas

Salt structures are widespread in North America, Africa, Europe, Southeast and Middle east Asia, which are among the hottest topics of tectonic research and exploration for oil and gas during the annual meeting of AAPG in 2002. According to the latest researches, five stages have been found in the growth and development of salt structures, including early stage diapir, local salt migration, coeval transformation of linear salt walls, late stage evolution of the mature diapirs and active diapiric episodes. During the evolution of the salt structures, eight types of structural styles can be recognized, such as salt walls, salt stock canopies and nappes, mini basins, thrusts and strike slip faults. With the applications of 3 D seismic and numerical modeling techniques, the growing stages and the tridimensional variation of salt structures should be able to be restored and recognized. Salt structures related with traps that are likely oil bearing have been discovered recently in the Mexico Bay, Africa and Middle east, which means that salt structures are closed are promising exploration areas of oil and gas, and they will play an important role in the growth of reserves.